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strtr> <strtolower
Last updated: Fri, 18 May 2012

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strtoupper

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

strtoupper — Wandelt alle Zeichen eines Strings in Großbuchstaben um

Beschreibung

string strtoupper ( string $string )

Gibt string zurück, in dem alle Buchstaben in Großbuchstaben umgewandelt wurden.

Beachten Sie, dass die Erkennung von 'Buchstaben' vom Wert locale abhängig ist. Ist z. B. die Voreinstellung für locale "C", werden Sonderzeichen wie Umlaute (ä, ö, ü) nicht umgewandelt.

Parameter-Liste

string

Die Eingabezeichenkette.

Rückgabewerte

Gibt die Zeichenkette in Großbuchstaben zurück.

Beispiele

Beispiel #1 strtoupper()-Beispiel

<?php
$str = "Mary Hat Ein Kleines Lamm, und Sie LIEBT Es So.";
$str = strtoupper($str);
echo $str; // Gibt aus: MARY HAT EIN KLEINES LAMM, UND SIE LIEBT ES SO.
?>

Anmerkungen

Hinweis: Diese Funktion ist binary safe.

Siehe auch

  • strtolower() - Setzt einen String in Kleinbuchstaben um
  • ucfirst() - Verwandelt das erste Zeichen eines Strings in einen Großbuchstaben
  • ucwords() - Wandelt jeden ersten Buchstaben eines Wortes innerhalb eines Strings in einen Großbuchstaben
  • mb_strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase



add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
strtoupper
16-May-2007 10:40
<?php
$string='this is a simpler way to capitalise the first character of a string';
$string[0]=strtoupper($string[0]);
echo $string; // This is a simpler way...
?>
RUNET
18-Apr-2007 02:33
Russian

function str_to_upper($str){
    return strtr($str,
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
    "\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5".
    "\xb8\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea".
    "\xeb\xeC\xeD\xeE\xeF\xf0".
    "\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6".
    "\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfA\xfB\xfC".
    "\xfD\xfE\xfF",
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
    "\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5".
    "\xA8\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA".
    "\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0".
    "\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6".
    "\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC".
    "\xDD\xDE\xDF");
}
Cory
24-Jul-2006 06:05
This function converts any series of english words to Proper Casing.  It also accounts for words such as 'a' and 'the'.  To change what words are ignored, just change the $noUp array.

function strProper($str) {
    $noUp = array('a','an','of','the','are','at','in');
    $str = trim($str);
    $str = strtoupper($str[0]) . strtolower(substr($str, 1));
    for($i=1; $i<strlen($str)-1; ++$i) {
        if($str[$i]==' ') {
            for($j=$i+1; $j<strlen($str) && $str[$j]!=' '; ++$j); //find next space
            $size = $j-$i-1;
            $shortWord = false;
            if($size<=3) {
                $theWord = substr($str,$i+1,$size);
                for($j=0; $j<count($noUp) && !$shortWord; ++$j)
                    if($theWord==$noUp[$j])
                        $shortWord = true;
            }
            if( !$shortWord )
                $str = substr($str, 0, $i+1) . strtoupper($str[$i+1]) . substr($str, $i+2);
        }   
        $i+=$size;
    }
    return $str;
}
sjrd at redaction-developpez dot com
03-Jun-2006 08:12
Angus Lord's function has got a problem with html entities such as &amp;, for they're converted into &Amp;, which is incorrect.

The following code fixes the problem:

<?php
function to_upper($string)
{
  $new_string = "";
  while (eregi("^([^&]*)(&)(.)([a-z0-9]{2,9};|&)(.*)", $string, $regs))
  {
    $entity = $regs[2].strtoupper($regs[3]).$regs[4];
    if (html_entity_decode($entity) == $entity)
      $new_string .= strtoupper($regs[1]).$regs[2].$regs[3].$regs[4];
    else
      $new_string .= strtoupper($regs[1]).$entity;
    $string = $regs[5];
  }
  $new_string .= strtoupper($string);
  return $new_string;
}
?>
bart at insane dot at
10-May-2006 01:31
When using UTF-8 and need to convert to uppercase with
special characters like the german ä,ö,ü (didn't test for french,polish,russian but think it should work, too) try this:

function strtoupper_utf8($string){
    $string=utf8_decode($string);
    $string=strtoupper($string);
    $string=utf8_encode($string);
    return $string;
}
tree2054 at hotmail dot com
14-Feb-2006 07:11
An even simpler version of h3's rewrite:

<?php
function isupper($i) { return (strtoupper($i) === $i);}
function islower($i) { return (strtolower($i) === $i);}
?>
Görkem PAÇACI(gorkempacaci[et]gmail.com)
06-Jan-2006 03:36
These functions can be used on Turkish(iso-8859-9):
Turkce(iso-8859-9) icin su fonksiyonlar kullanilabilir:

$tr_low_letters = str_split("abcçdefgðhýijklmnoöpqrsþtuüvwxyz");
$tr_up_letters = str_split("ABCÇDEFGÐHIÝJKLMNOÖPQRSÞTUÜVWXYZ");
function tr_uppercase($str) {
    global $tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters;
    return str_replace($tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters, $str);
}
function tr_lowercase($str) {
    global $tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters;
    return str_replace($tr_up_letters, $tr_low_letters, $str);
}
function tr_fuppercase($str) {//only first letter uppercase
    return tr_uppercase($str[0]) . tr_lowercase(substr($str,1));
}
Vadim from Baku
27-Nov-2005 10:55
The following function counts uppercase letters in English and Cyrillic. It works great with cyrillic when strtolower doesn't work due to enviroment settings.(Thank you Sean!).

preg_match_all("@[A-ZÀ-ß]@",$str,$m,PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)

It is probably displayed incorrectly due to page encoding, but there are range from the first uppercase letter of the latin alphabet to the last one and range from the first uppercase cyrillic alphabet letter to the last one in the pattern. Not sure but similar approach can work for other alphabets.
Beniamin
26-Nov-2005 03:04
Here is correct str2upper function for polish programmers (plus str2lower function):

<?php
function str2upper($text){
   return strtr($text,
   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
   "\xB1\xE6\xEA\xB3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
   "\xA1\xC6\xCA\xA3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xA5\x8C\x8F"  // win 1250
   );
}

function str2lower($text){
   return strtr($text,
   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
   "\xA1\xC6\xCA\xA3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xA5\x8C\x8F",  // win 1250
   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
   "\xB1\xE6\xEA\xB3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xB9\x9C\x9F" // win 1250
   );
}
?>
julas
01-Aug-2005 12:46
The code for Polish programmers was spolied a little bit - \xB3 should be turned into \xA3, not the opposite. So the correct code is:

function str2upper($text){
   return strtr($text,
   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
   "\xB1\xE6\xEA\xA3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
   "\xA1\xC6\xCA\xB3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xA5\x8C\x8F"  // win 1250
   );
}
kirsman
07-Jul-2005 07:37
For polish programmers:

function str2upper($text){
   return strtr($text,
   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
   "\xB1\xE6\xEA\xA3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
   "\xA1\xC6\xCA\xB3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
   "\xA5\x8C\x8F"  // win 1250
   );
30-May-2005 03:11
// 2005/5/30 Justin
    // Chinese_Traditional toupper
    function CT_to_upper($string)
    {       
        $isChineseStart = false;
       
          $new_string = "";
         $i = 0;
          while($i < strlen($string))
          {                  
               if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
               {
                   if( $isChineseStart == false )
                       $new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
                   else      
                       $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
               }
               else
               {
                   if( $isChineseStart == false )
                       $isChineseStart = true;
                   else
                       $isChineseStart = false;                      
                    
                     $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
               }
               $i++;
          }
          return $new_string;         
    }
    //
Justin_Lin at mail2000 dot com dot tw
30-May-2005 03:09
The following is my code for translate a given string to upper case and it will support chinese traditional :

// 2005/5/30 Justin
// Chinese_Traditional toupper
function CT_to_upper($string)
{       
    $isChineseStart = false;
       
    $new_string = "";
    $i = 0;
    while($i < strlen($string))
    {                  
           if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
            {
           if( $isChineseStart == false )
                $new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
           else      
                $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
             }
             else
             {
           if( $isChineseStart == false )
                  $isChineseStart = true;
           else
                $isChineseStart = false;                                 
             $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
             }
             $i++;
      }
      return $new_string;         
}
//
willyann at gmail dot com
25-May-2005 06:31
chinese

function to_upper($string) {
  $new_string = "";
  $i = 0;
  while($i < strlen($string)) {
   if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
   {
     $new_string .= strtoupper(substr($string,$i,1));
     $i++;
   } else {
     $new_string .= substr($string,$i,2);
     $i=$i+2;
   }
  }
  return $new_string;
}
13-Mar-2005 02:08
Ah, the last code were spoiled, here is the fixed one:

<?php

function str_to_upper($str){
    return strtr($str,
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
    "\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".
    "\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".
    "\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".
    "\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".
    "\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".
    "\xFD\xFE\xFF",
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
    "\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".
    "\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".
    "\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".
    "\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".
    "\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\x9F");
}

?>

So, this function changes also other letters into uppercase, strtoupper() does only change: a-z to: A-Z.
31-Oct-2004 12:23
If you only need to extend the conversion by the characters of a certain language, it's possible to control this using an environment variable to change the locale:

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_DE");
p dot thomas at inlive dot info
03-Apr-2004 02:02
Some bench :

String Copy, OUT=IN : 21.398067474365 ms

String TRANSFORMATION :

- strtolower : 383.09001922607 ms
- strtolower( strtr) : 267.36092567444 ms
- preg_replace : 16624.928951263 ms
- stringUpDown : 4013.0908489227 ms

IN : jehrjzh ré'è'è_- &éç(r&)àé ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ EAZREZREZ^m
OUT : jehrjzh ré'è'è_- &éç(r&)àé áâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö eazrezrez^m

Platform : AMD 1 Ghz, Win2K, EasyPHP
martine
07-Feb-2004 04:41
This may save you time and effort (if you need to convert european languages such as Czech, Portugees, German or Swedish)

the function mb_strtoupper() converts all accented characters in the latin alphabet, ie. š, ñ, ü, ý etc. This is easier than some of the suggestions below. It should also convert case properly for russian, etc.
mec at stadeleck dot org
02-Dec-2002 03:54
something I myself first not thought about:
if there are any html entities (named entities) in your string, strtoupper will turn all letters within this entities to upper case, too. So if you want to manipulate a string with strtoupper it should contain only unicode entities (if ever).
urudz at strategma dot bg
21-Apr-2002 06:49
on linux
php gets LC_LOCAL env variable therefor you must set this

export LC_ALL=bg_BG.CP1251
export LANG=bg_BG.CP1251

before starting of apache i have put this to lines in /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
-----

cat /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
#!/bin/sh
#
# Start the Apache web server
#

export LC_ALL=bg_BG.CP1251
export LANG=bg_BG.CP1251

case "$1" in
   'start')
      /usr/sbin/apachectl startssl ;;
   'stop')
      /usr/sbin/apachectl stop ;;
   'restart')
      /usr/sbin/apachectl restart ;;
   *)
      echo "usage $0 start|stop|restart" ;;
esac
-------

in windows you must define your "locale"
in control panel  > regional options > general

best regards urudz :>
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strtr> <strtolower
Last updated: Fri, 18 May 2012